for the non-fulfillment of its international obligations. 21 If the accused government and the League could not reach a satisfactory compromise, the final decision was referred to the Permanent Court of International Justice (most cases were solved by negotiations between affected governments before the International Court intervention). Treatment of Jews by Countries, the Jews had been most instrumental in the promulgation of minority rights. Only Estonia excelled in granting its minorities, including the Jews, complete autonomy. Fink, Carole, Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection (2004) online review. 10 The International Court of Justice performed a legal analysis of the status of the territory of Palestine in order to determine the applicable law, before seeking to establish whether that law had been breached. Jewish religious communities were permitted to deal with cultural and social matters and to organize a council of all congregations. The specific rights of minority nations were dealt with in detail. The Zionists, too, at their conference in *Helsingfors, Finland, in 1906, demanded "the recognition of the Jewish nationality with the right of self-government in all affairs of Jewish life." This was achieved although large segments of political Zionists clung to the doctrine that creative Jewish. The treaties conferred basic rights on all the inhabitants of the country without distinction of birth, nationality, language, race or religion and protected the rights of all nationals of the country who differed in race, religion, or language from the majority of the inhabitants.

Latvia, although Latvia by a law of 1921 narrowed the grant of rights, including minority rights, to those who could prove residence over a period of 20 years, it provided liberal allowances for minority schools until 1934. 11 23 Even before Adolf Hitler seized control of Germany in 1933, the problems with the Minority Treaties were evident. Iraq made its Minorities Declaration when it became independent in 1932.

Minority Rights

Such a class was to be established if at least 30 pupils were enrolled. Similar treaties were also imposed on Greece and Entente -allied Romania in exchange for their territorial enlargement, and on some of the nations defeated in the First World War ( Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey ). Karl Renner, an Austrian socialist, published in 1902 his. The office of the * akham bashi, the chief rabbi, was abolished and with it the unified organization of the Jewish communities. His secularization of the national idea as opposed to those who saw the essence of Judaism in religion, and his optimistic view of the future of Judaism in the Diaspora, were the main underpinnings of his insistence on national cultural autonomy. " - H-net 2005 review of Carole Fink. 17 List of bilateral treaties edit AustrianCzechoslovak treaty, concluded Ratifications exchanged in Vienna, March 10, 1921. This book presents a critical analysis of EU law on the rights of minority groups. Central and local authorities were to establish such schools and to bear the necessary expense. Musgrave, Oxford Monographs in International Law, Oxford University Press, 1997, isbn, Table of Treaties, Page xxxviii see the discussion in Justifications of Minority Protection in International Law, Athanasia Spiliopoulou Akermark, pages 119-122.